# Threadmark — Energy Cost Studio

> Levelized energy cost from discounted cost and generation ledgers. Not RFQ management, business accounting or investment advice.

- Canonical URL: https://mkbiz.co.business/
- Methodology & Equations: https://mkbiz.co.business/methodology/
- Interactive Browser Runtime: https://mkbiz.co.business/run/
- Author & Root Entity: Mohammad Rezwan Khan, PhD (https://mrkhan.co.technology/#person)
- Ecosystem Directory: https://mklab.co.technology/
- Knowledge Graph JSON-LD: https://mkbiz.co.business/knowledge-graph.jsonld

## Governing Mathematical Formulation & Units
- Formula: `LCOE ($/MWh) = [ Σ_{t=0..N} (CAPEX_t + OPEX_t + Fuel_t) / (1 + r)^t ] / [ Σ_{t=1..N} E_t / (1 + r)^t ], where E_t = Capacity (MW) × 8,760 h × CF × (1 − d)^{t−1}`
- Units: Capacity in MW; CAPEX in $/kW; OPEX in $/kW-yr; discount rate r in %; degradation d in %/yr; annual generation E_t in MWh; LCOE in $/MWh (real price-year currency).

## Reproducible Worked Example
Scenario 1 (Utility Solar PV Cohort, 2027 commissioning, CAPEX = $950/kW, -2%/yr cohort capex trajectory): Discounted lifecycle cost divided by discounted energy ledger yields LCOE = $50.02/MWh for the 2027 cohort, declining to $49.18/MWh (2028), $48.36/MWh (2029), and $47.56/MWh (2030) under identical discount and capacity-factor assumptions.

## Canonical Companion Modules on this Domain
- **Solstice Cost Studio** (https://mkbiz.co.business/solar-cost/): Solar mounting/capacity cost comparisons, synthetic rate cards and discounted generation. Boundary: Financing, taxation and revenue are explicitly outside scope.
  - Formula: `AC_Capacity (MW) = Capacity_MWp / (DC/AC Ratio); E_t (MWh) = Capacity_MWp × Yield (kWh/kWp) × (1 − d)^{t−1}; LCOE (GBP/MWh) = NPV(CAPEX + OPEX) / NPV(E_t)`
  - Units: DC capacity in MWp; AC capacity in MW; specific yield in kWh/kWp/yr; degradation d in %/yr; discount rate in %; CAPEX and OPEX in GBP; LCOE in GBP/MWh.
  - Worked Example: Case 1 (10 MWp fixed-tilt solar plant, DC/AC ratio = 1.25 → 8.0 MW AC, specific yield = 1,300 kWh/kWp, degradation = 0.45%/yr, discount rate = 6%, inflation = 2%, 25-year life, 15 ha land): Total CAPEX = 5,335,122.72 GBP, Annual OPEX = 124,621.32 GBP/yr, and discounted LCOE = 45.79 GBP/MWh.
- **TariffHarbor Studio** (https://mkbiz.co.business/charging-tariffs/): Charging-energy valuation with acquisition cost, markup, illustrative tax and margin calculations. Boundary: Synthetic configuration; no booking, billing, legal tax validation or real tariff feed.
  - Formula: `C_acq = E_kWh × c_connector + c_roaming; R_net = round_half_up(C_acq × (1 + markup) + fee_session + D_min × fee_min, 0.01); Tax = round_half_up(R_net × τ_tax, 0.01); Total = R_net + Tax; Margin (%) = (R_net − C_acq) / R_net × 100`
  - Units: Session energy in kWh; duration in minutes; acquisition costs and fees in EUR; markup, margin, and illustrative tax in %; half-up rounding to 0.01 EUR (integer cents).
  - Worked Example: Case 1 (DC fast-charge session: 28 kWh, 40 min, DC acquisition cost = 0.29 EUR/kWh, roaming cost = 0.40 EUR, markup = 25%, session fee = 1.00 EUR, minute fee = 0.01 EUR/min, illustrative tax = 20%, min margin policy = 8%): Net pre-tax charge = 12.05 EUR, Illustrative Tax = 2.41 EUR, Total Session Valuation = 14.46 EUR, passing the 8% minimum margin and 250 kWh / 500 EUR policy caps.

## Benchmark Table
| Commissioning Cohort | Plant CAPEX ($/kW) | Annual Capex Change | Discounted LCOE ($/MWh) | Scope Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2027 Cohort | 950.00 | Baseline | 50.02 | Synthetic Ledger |
| 2028 Cohort | 931.00 | -2.0% | 49.18 | Synthetic Ledger |
| 2029 Cohort | 912.38 | -2.0% | 48.36 | Synthetic Ledger |
| 2030 Cohort | 894.13 | -2.0% | 47.56 | Synthetic Ledger |

## 5-Domain Core Authority Ecosystem
1. Hub & Authority: https://mrkhan.co.technology/ (Mohammad Rezwan Khan, PhD - BESS QA/QC & Energy R&D)
2. Interactive Course & Twin: https://khanlab.co.technology/ (Datacenter Power Systems & What-If Simulator)
3. Microgrid Research: https://mkgrid.co.technology/ (HelioForge Energy Lab - Hybrid Energy Research)
4. Synthetic Energy Trading: https://mktrade.co.business/ (ZephyrTrade - Wind-Market Synthetic Backtesting)
5. Utility & Tool Suite: https://mklab.co.technology/ (MKLab - 68 Free Browser Engineering & Planning Apps)